1 Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China;

2 Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing 100088, China

It furthermore introduces the concept of "Holistic Integrative Pharmacy" (HIP), interprets its connotation while

integrating the knowledge of different fields, and analyzes the present pharmaceutical education of several nations.

Moreover, the necessity and farsightedness of establishing the HIP education system are elaborated in an attempt

to find a progression path of pharmacy that is more attuned to the current demands of human health and social

development.

[Key words] Holistic integrative pharmacy; Pharmaceutical education; Qualified graduates; Healthy China

and the Internet, the focus of clinical pharmacy is transitioning from drug product-oriented to patient-oriented.

Current clinical pharmaceutical education curriculums cannot fulfill the requirements of preparing excellent

clinical pharmacists and pharmaceutical management professionals. The professional training programs have failed

to stay focused on the objective of providing scientific suggestions for clinical drug uses. Therefore, it is imperative

to restructure clinical pharmaceutical education programs. This article discusses the definition, background,

development, and integration approaches of holistic integrative pharmacy (HIP). The use of the schemes and

methods of HIP building is proposed to prepare quality clinical pharmacy professionals who can adapt to the trends

of a new era.

[Key words] Clinical pharmacy; Holistic integrative pharmacy; Preparation of professionals; Education reform

care team in the United States. Pharmacists have been ranked among the most trusted professionals for many

consecutive years. In recent years, there has been rising interest among Americans in integrative health care, an

approach that brings together conventional and complementary medicine in a coordinated way. The emergence of

integrative health care presents new opportunities and challenges for patient-centered pharmaceutical care. Clinical

pharmacy education in the United States incorporates pharmaceutical science and therapeutic knowledge along

with social and cultural value, and ethical principles into the curriculum. Graduates of the curriculum are able to

integrate therapeutic knowledge with social-cultural context into the clinical practice, make meaningful clinical

interventions in the interprofessional team, and provide patient-centered care in a variety of settings including

community and health-system based practices. With the solid educational foundation, the pharmacy profession

can adapt quickly within the integrative health care setting and continue to optimize patient experience and patient

outcomes in the ever-changing health care world.

[Key words] Pharmacy education; Clinical training; Integrative health care

pharmacy education in China and analyzed the major impediments in postgraduate professional degree programs

in clinical pharmacy to the fulfillment of the needs of the rapid progress in China's medical and health sector and

to the swift and effective improvement of the development of high-level clinical pharmacy talents. These problems

are illustrated by indefinite training objectives, the lack of standardized training criteria, and the failure to change

the mindset of pharmacy education and have resulted in an incomplete knowledge system and a disconnect

between the training objective and the needs of society and the pharmacy industry. Therefore, the graduates as

clinical pharmacists are not professional enough, with inadequate social recognition. This study advocates that

educators should change the education philosophy, come up with innovative approaches toward talent training for

postgraduate professional degrees in clinical pharmacy, accelerate the effective connection between talent training

and registered qualification, and nurture the quality of humanism. This way, high-level talents of clinical pharmacy

will be prepared, who can then cater to the needs of society and the pharmacy industry.

[Key words] Clinical pharmacy; Postgraduate professional degree; Talent development; Innovative training

approaches

for thousands of years, including common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, and rare diseases with remarkable

curative effects. However, due to abuse or misuse, environmental pollution, and improper preparation methods

in clinical application, some CMM present safety problems, such as cardiac toxicity, liver toxicity, neurotoxicity,

renal toxicity, and even carcinogenic effects. Based on the coexistence characteristics of toxicity and efficacy of

toxic CMM, integrated analysis is a powerful method to systematically study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

In our review, scientific connotation of toxic CMM-induced toxicity and efficacy, including historic development

and characteristics of toxic CMM, and challenges for evaluating the toxicity and efficacy of toxic CMM were

summarized. Hereby, we put forward the integrated analysis thought and methods for "material basis of toxicity-

efficacy, mechanisms of toxicity-efficacy, synergy and attenuation principles" of toxic CMM, as well as taking Radix

Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (namely Fuzi) as the representative to elaborate the integrated analysis path on the

"toxicity-efficacy" of toxic CMM, which provides scientific evaluation ideas and criterion of clinical application for

CMM in the prevention and treatment of diseases in accordance with the characteristics of TCM.

[Key words] Toxic Chinese materia medica; Toxicity-efficacy; Integrated analysis; Traditional Chinese

Medicine; Radix aconiti lateralis preparata (Fuzi)

conformations formed by the orientation of groups on the cyclobutane. These derivatives are currently obtained

by connecting different groups through C, O, and N bond condensation at the carboxyl position. Flavonoids,

alkaloids, iridoids, sugars, benzene derivatives, amides, amino acids, lignan groups, and alicyclic organic acids

are mainly included in this group. Therefore, these compounds have diverse and complex structures. Truxillic acid

and truxinic acid derivatives show multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetes,

anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects, among others. These

derivatives have attracted the attention of Chinese and international researchers due to their unique structures and

bioactivities. These derivatives are considered to be potential and promising natural candidates for the development

of new drugs for many diseases, and also potential parent skeletons for the development of lead compounds with

high activity, high targeting and high selectivity, which endows these derivatives with important applications in

new drug discovery.Therefore, some useful reference in the research and development of truxillic and truxinic acid

derivatives and drug discovery is provided by the configurations, source, bioactivities, and quality analysis of these

derivatives which are systematically summarized and analyzed in this paper.

[Key words] Truxillic acid; Truxinic acid; Cyclobutane compounds; Structural diversity; Bioactivity

bacterial conjunctivitis and to examine its mechanism of action with the use of network pharmacology. Methods

Eighty patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis were randomly selected and equally randomized to either

levofloxacin eye drops (control group) or Fufang Xiongdan Diyanye(observation group). Responses were compared

between the two groups by assessing the patients' symptoms (e.g., foreign body sensation, itchy eyes, frequent

blinking) and signs (e.g., conjunctival congestion, edema, discharge) before and after the therapy. The chemical

components and relevant pharmacological targets of Fufang Xiongdan Diyanyewere retrieved from the Traditional

Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

databases. The targets of conjunctivitis were screened with the use of the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and

the Drugbank database. The STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) database was

also accessed to perform protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto

Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses. A network made up of compounds, targets, and

signaling pathways was created using Cytoscape, from which a key subnetwork was extracted by a cluster analysis

with the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. Results The response rate was higher in the observation group

(97.50%) compared to the control group (85.00%) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total

of 42 compounds were selected from the bear bile powder and borneol after screening, and 192 compound targets

and 85 disease targets were obtained amid the predictions. The compound targets directly act on disease targets,

such as STAT3, ICAM1, and SYK, and are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt

and influenza A. Conclusion The effective relief of symptoms of acute bacterial conjunctivitis after treatment

with Fufang Xiongdan Diyanyeis possibly related to action on targets (e.g., STAT3 and ICAM1) and regulation of

classical inflammatory pathways (e.g., PI3K-Akt).

[Key words] Compound bear bile eye drops; Conjunctivitis; Network pharmacology; Mechanism of action